perf: 优化多源联邦分片调度

- 增加 Engine 级有界并行调度与资源收口

- 补齐调度饱和、失败快速传播及六源基准测试

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-adapter-jdbc/src/test/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/adapter/jdbc/Jdbc100mCursorManualBenchmarkTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package com.easyagents.federation.sql.adapter.jdbc;
+
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlEngine;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlEngines;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.SqlQueryCommand;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.execute.FederationResultCursor;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationExecutionPolicy;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationQueryScopeDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationSourceBindingDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.FederationDataSourceHandles;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.FederationSourceDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.RuntimeFingerprint;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceApplyOptions;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceId;
+import com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Assume;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * 亿级数据集 100,000 行 Cursor 手工基准；默认跳过，必须显式启用。
+ */
+public class Jdbc100mCursorManualBenchmarkTest {
+
+    /**
+     * 从支付库顺序消费恰好 100,000 行，验证 Cursor 流式消费和资源上限。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldConsumeOneHundredThousandRows() {
+        Assume.assumeTrue(Boolean.getBoolean("federation.100m.enabled"));
+        String host = System.getProperty("federation.100m.mysql.host", "127.0.0.1");
+        int port = Integer.getInteger("federation.100m.mysql.port", 33307);
+        String database = System.getProperty(
+            "federation.100m.mysql.database", "ef_bank_payment_perf");
+        String username = System.getProperty("federation.100m.mysql.username", "ef_bench_ro");
+        String password = System.getProperty("federation.100m.mysql.password");
+        Assert.assertNotNull("必须通过系统属性提供只读密码", password);
+
+        MysqlDataSource dataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
+        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://" + host + ':' + port + '/' + database
+            + "?useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"
+            + "&useCursorFetch=true&defaultFetchSize=1000");
+        dataSource.setUser(username);
+        dataSource.setPassword(password);
+
+        SourceId sourceId = new SourceId("payment-100m");
+        FederationSourceDefinition definition = new FederationSourceDefinition(
+            sourceId, 1, JdbcFederationSqlAdapterProvider.ADAPTER_ID,
+            List.of(new JdbcSchemaDefinition("MAIN", database, null)), Map.of());
+        FederationExecutionPolicy policy = new FederationExecutionPolicy(
+            6, 12, 2, 100_000, 64L * 1024L * 1024L, 60_000);
+        FederationQueryScopeDefinition scope = FederationQueryScopeDefinition.virtual(
+            "payment-cursor-100m", 1,
+            Map.of("PAY", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(sourceId, 1)),
+            "PAY", policy);
+
+        CursorResult nativeResult = consumeNative(dataSource);
+        CursorResult federationResult;
+        long federationStarted = System.nanoTime();
+        try (FederationSqlEngine engine = FederationSqlEngines.builder()
+            .dataSourceResolver(ignored -> FederationDataSourceHandles.shared(
+                dataSource, new RuntimeFingerprint("MySQL", "8.0", "JDBC", "8.4", "1")))
+            .adapter(new JdbcFederationSqlAdapterProvider())
+            .federationExecutionPolicy(policy)
+            .build()) {
+            engine.sources().apply(definition, SourceApplyOptions.prewarmNow());
+            String sql = "SELECT payment_id, amount FROM PAY.MAIN.payment_order "
+                + "WHERE payment_id BETWEEN 1 AND 100000 ORDER BY payment_id";
+            int rows = 0;
+            long amountCents = 0;
+            try (FederationResultCursor cursor = engine.query(
+                SqlQueryCommand.of(sql, scope, List.of()))) {
+                while (cursor.next()) {
+                    rows++;
+                    amountCents += ((BigDecimal) cursor.getObject(2))
+                        .movePointRight(2).longValue();
+                }
+            }
+            federationResult = new CursorResult(rows, amountCents,
+                elapsedMillis(federationStarted));
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(100_000, nativeResult.rows());
+        Assert.assertEquals(100_000, federationResult.rows());
+        Assert.assertEquals(nativeResult.amountCents(), federationResult.amountCents());
+        Assert.assertTrue(federationResult.amountCents() > 0L);
+        System.out.println("BENCH_CURSOR_100K rows=" + federationResult.rows()
+            + " nativeMillis=" + nativeResult.elapsedMillis()
+            + " federationMillis=" + federationResult.elapsedMillis()
+            + " amountCents=" + federationResult.amountCents());
+    }
+
+    private CursorResult consumeNative(MysqlDataSource dataSource) {
+        String sql = "SELECT payment_id, amount FROM payment_order "
+            + "WHERE payment_id BETWEEN 1 AND 100000 ORDER BY payment_id";
+        long started = System.nanoTime();
+        int rows = 0;
+        long amountCents = 0;
+        try (Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+             PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql,
+                 ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY)) {
+            statement.setFetchSize(1000);
+            try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery()) {
+                while (resultSet.next()) {
+                    rows++;
+                    amountCents += resultSet.getBigDecimal(2)
+                        .movePointRight(2).longValue();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException exception) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("原生 JDBC Cursor 基准执行失败", exception);
+        }
+        return new CursorResult(rows, amountCents, elapsedMillis(started));
+    }
+
+    private long elapsedMillis(long started) {
+        return (System.nanoTime() - started) / 1_000_000L;
+    }
+
+    private record CursorResult(int rows, long amountCents, long elapsedMillis) {
+    }
+}

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-adapter-jdbc/src/test/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/adapter/jdbc/JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.RuntimeFingerprint;
 import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceApplyOptions;
 import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceId;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.sql.Connection;
 import java.sql.Statement;
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@ import java.sql.Types;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource;
@@ -50,6 +54,13 @@ public class JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest {
     private static final SourceId SALES_SOURCE = new SourceId("sales-source");
     private static final SourceId BILLING_SOURCE = new SourceId("billing-source");
     private static final SourceId REGION_SOURCE = new SourceId("region-source");
+    private static final AtomicInteger ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS = new AtomicInteger();
+    private static final AtomicInteger MAXIMUM_ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS = new AtomicInteger();
+    private static final AtomicInteger FAILING_TRACKED_VALUE = new AtomicInteger(
+        Integer.MIN_VALUE
+    );
+    private static final AtomicReference<CountDownLatch> FRAGMENT_START_BARRIER =
+        new AtomicReference<>(new CountDownLatch(0));
 
     private JdbcDataSource sales;
     private JdbcDataSource billing;
@@ -80,7 +91,10 @@ public class JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest {
                 + "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE '2026-08-21 12:00:00.123456+08:00')",
             "CREATE TABLE PRECISE_EVENT (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, EVENT_AT TIMESTAMP(6))",
             "INSERT INTO PRECISE_EVENT VALUES "
-                + "(1, TIMESTAMP '2026-08-21 12:00:00.123456')");
+                + "(1, TIMESTAMP '2026-08-21 12:00:00.123456')",
+            fragmentTrackingAlias(),
+            "CREATE VIEW TRACKED_VALUE AS SELECT TRACK_FRAGMENT(ID) AS TRACKED_KEY "
+                + "FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ID <= 2");
         execute(billing,
             "CREATE TABLE ORDER_ITEM (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, CUSTOMER_ID INT NOT NULL, AMOUNT DECIMAL(12,2), CODE VARCHAR(64))",
             "INSERT INTO ORDER_ITEM VALUES (10, 1, 30.00, 'Alice'), (11, 1, 20.00, 'Alice'), (12, 2, 80.00, 'Bob')",
@@ -90,10 +104,16 @@ public class JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest {
                 + "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE '2026-08-21 06:00:00.123456+02:00')",
             "CREATE TABLE PRECISE_EVENT (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, EVENT_AT TIMESTAMP(6))",
             "INSERT INTO PRECISE_EVENT VALUES "
-                + "(2, TIMESTAMP '2026-08-21 08:30:00.654321')");
+                + "(2, TIMESTAMP '2026-08-21 08:30:00.654321')",
+            fragmentTrackingAlias(),
+            "CREATE VIEW TRACKED_VALUE AS SELECT TRACK_FRAGMENT(ID) AS TRACKED_KEY "
+                + "FROM ORDER_ITEM WHERE ID <= 11");
         execute(region,
             "CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_REGION (CUSTOMER_ID INT PRIMARY KEY, REGION VARCHAR(64))",
-            "INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_REGION VALUES (1, 'North'), (2, 'South'), (3, 'West')");
+            "INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_REGION VALUES (1, 'North'), (2, 'South'), (3, 'West')",
+            fragmentTrackingAlias(),
+            "CREATE VIEW TRACKED_VALUE AS SELECT TRACK_FRAGMENT(CUSTOMER_ID) AS TRACKED_KEY "
+                + "FROM CUSTOMER_REGION WHERE CUSTOMER_ID <= 2");
 
         RuntimeFingerprint fingerprint = new RuntimeFingerprint(
             "H2", "2", "H2 JDBC Driver", "2", "1"
@@ -356,6 +376,91 @@ public class JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest {
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 验证真实 JDBC Fragment 执行会重叠，且始终受查询级并发上限约束。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldBoundConcurrentJdbcFragments() {
+        ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.set(0);
+        MAXIMUM_ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.set(0);
+        FRAGMENT_START_BARRIER.set(new CountDownLatch(2));
+        FederationQueryScopeDefinition threeSourceScope =
+            new FederationQueryScopeDefinition(
+                "tracked-fragments",
+                1,
+                Map.of(
+                    "SALES", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(SALES_SOURCE, 1),
+                    "BILLING", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(BILLING_SOURCE, 1),
+                    "REGION", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(REGION_SOURCE, 1)
+                ),
+                "SALES",
+                threeSourcePolicy()
+            );
+
+        try (FederationResultCursor cursor = engine.query(SqlQueryCommand.of(
+            "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SALES.APP.TRACKED_VALUE s "
+                + "JOIN BILLING.APP.TRACKED_VALUE b ON s.TRACKED_KEY = b.TRACKED_KEY "
+                + "JOIN REGION.APP.TRACKED_VALUE r ON s.TRACKED_KEY = r.TRACKED_KEY",
+            threeSourceScope,
+            List.of()
+        ))) {
+            Assert.assertTrue(cursor.next());
+            Assert.assertEquals(8L, cursor.getObject(1));
+            Assert.assertFalse(cursor.next());
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, MAXIMUM_ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.get());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.get());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证任一并行 Fragment 失败后立即传播原始执行错误，不等待未启动任务超时。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldFailFastWhenConcurrentFragmentFails() {
+        ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.set(0);
+        MAXIMUM_ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.set(0);
+        FRAGMENT_START_BARRIER.set(new CountDownLatch(0));
+        FAILING_TRACKED_VALUE.set(10);
+        FederationQueryScopeDefinition threeSourceScope =
+            new FederationQueryScopeDefinition(
+                "tracked-fragment-failure",
+                1,
+                Map.of(
+                    "SALES", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(SALES_SOURCE, 1),
+                    "BILLING", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(BILLING_SOURCE, 1),
+                    "REGION", FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(REGION_SOURCE, 1)
+                ),
+                "SALES",
+                new FederationExecutionPolicy(
+                    3,
+                    8,
+                    2,
+                    100_000,
+                    64L * 1024L * 1024L,
+                    1_000
+                )
+            );
+
+        try (FederationResultCursor cursor = engine.query(SqlQueryCommand.of(
+            "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SALES.APP.TRACKED_VALUE s "
+                + "JOIN BILLING.APP.TRACKED_VALUE b ON s.TRACKED_KEY = b.TRACKED_KEY "
+                + "JOIN REGION.APP.TRACKED_VALUE r ON s.TRACKED_KEY = r.TRACKED_KEY",
+            threeSourceScope,
+            List.of()
+        ))) {
+            cursor.next();
+            Assert.fail("failing fragment should terminate the federated query");
+        } catch (FederationSqlException exception) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(
+                FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
+                exception.errorCode()
+            );
+        } finally {
+            FAILING_TRACKED_VALUE.set(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * 验证两个分片分别绑定原始查询中的动态参数。
      */
@@ -717,6 +822,41 @@ public class JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest {
         return dataSource;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * H2 视图调用的并发跟踪函数。
+     *
+     * @param value 原始列值
+     * @return 固定键值
+     * @throws SQLException 分片未能在时限内重叠启动
+     */
+    public static int trackFragment(int value) throws SQLException {
+        int active = ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.incrementAndGet();
+        MAXIMUM_ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.accumulateAndGet(active, Math::max);
+        CountDownLatch barrier = FRAGMENT_START_BARRIER.get();
+        barrier.countDown();
+        try {
+            if (value == FAILING_TRACKED_VALUE.get()) {
+                throw new SQLException("simulated federation fragment failure");
+            }
+            if (!barrier.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                throw new SQLException("federation fragments did not overlap");
+            }
+            Thread.sleep(100L);
+            return 1;
+        } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new SQLException("fragment tracking was interrupted", exception);
+        } finally {
+            ACTIVE_FRAGMENTS.decrementAndGet();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String fragmentTrackingAlias() {
+        return "CREATE ALIAS TRACK_FRAGMENT FOR \""
+            + JdbcFederatedQueryEngineTest.class.getName()
+            + ".trackFragment\"";
+    }
+
     /**
      * 根据物理源选择测试数据库。
      *

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-adapter-jdbc/src/test/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/adapter/jdbc/JdbcSixSourceQueryEngineTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package com.easyagents.federation.sql.adapter.jdbc;
+
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlEngine;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlEngines;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlErrorCode;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlException;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.SqlQueryCommand;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.compile.FederationSqlPlan;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.compile.SqlCompileRequest;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.execute.FederationResultCursor;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationExecutionPolicy;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationQueryMode;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationQueryScopeDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationSourceBindingDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.FederationDataSourceHandles;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.FederationSourceDefinition;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.RuntimeFingerprint;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceApplyOptions;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.source.SourceId;
+import org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * 四源和六源 JDBC 多阶段 Join 集成测试。
+ */
+public class JdbcSixSourceQueryEngineTest {
+
+    private static final FederationExecutionPolicy SIX_SOURCE_POLICY =
+        new FederationExecutionPolicy(6, 12, 2, 100_000,
+            64L * 1024L * 1024L, 60_000);
+
+    private final Map<SourceId, JdbcDataSource> dataSources = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, FederationSourceBindingDefinition> bindings = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private FederationSqlEngine engine;
+
+    /**
+     * 创建六个独立 H2 JDBC 数据源。
+     */
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        for (int index = 1; index <= 6; index++) {
+            SourceId sourceId = new SourceId("source-" + index);
+            JdbcDataSource dataSource = dataSource("six-source-" + index);
+            execute(dataSource,
+                "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS SUBJECT_METRIC",
+                "CREATE TABLE SUBJECT_METRIC (SUBJECT_ID INT PRIMARY KEY, METRIC_VALUE INT NOT NULL)",
+                "INSERT INTO SUBJECT_METRIC VALUES (1, " + (index * 10)
+                    + "), (2, " + (index * 100) + ")");
+            dataSources.put(sourceId, dataSource);
+            bindings.put("S" + index, FederationSourceBindingDefinition.of(sourceId, 1));
+        }
+        RuntimeFingerprint fingerprint = new RuntimeFingerprint(
+            "H2", "2", "H2 JDBC Driver", "2", "1");
+        engine = FederationSqlEngines.builder()
+            .dataSourceResolver(definition -> FederationDataSourceHandles.shared(
+                dataSources.get(definition.sourceId()), fingerprint))
+            .adapter(new JdbcFederationSqlAdapterProvider())
+            .federationExecutionPolicy(SIX_SOURCE_POLICY)
+            .maximumPlanCacheEntries(32)
+            .build();
+        for (SourceId sourceId : dataSources.keySet()) {
+            engine.sources().apply(definition(sourceId), SourceApplyOptions.prewarmNow());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 关闭 Engine。
+     */
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        if (engine != null) {
+            engine.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证同一六源 Scope 中只引用四源时生成四个 Fragment。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldCompileFourReferencedSources() {
+        FederationSqlPlan plan = engine.compile(SqlCompileRequest.of(
+            selectSql(4), scope(SIX_SOURCE_POLICY)));
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(FederationQueryMode.FEDERATED, plan.queryMode());
+        Assert.assertEquals(4, plan.referencedSources().size());
+        Assert.assertEquals(4, plan.fragments().size());
+        Assert.assertEquals(3, plan.joinOptimizations().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证六个独立 JDBC 数据源可完成五阶段 Join 并返回稳定结果。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldExecuteJoinAcrossSixSources() {
+        String sql = selectSql(6);
+        FederationSqlPlan plan = engine.compile(SqlCompileRequest.of(
+            sql, scope(SIX_SOURCE_POLICY)));
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, plan.referencedSources().size());
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, plan.fragments().size());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, plan.joinOptimizations().size());
+
+        try (FederationResultCursor cursor = engine.query(
+            SqlQueryCommand.of(sql, scope(SIX_SOURCE_POLICY), List.of()))) {
+            Assert.assertTrue(cursor.next());
+            Assert.assertEquals(1, cursor.getObject(1));
+            Assert.assertEquals(10, cursor.getObject(2));
+            Assert.assertEquals(60, cursor.getObject(7));
+            Assert.assertTrue(cursor.next());
+            Assert.assertEquals(2, cursor.getObject(1));
+            Assert.assertEquals(600, cursor.getObject(7));
+            Assert.assertFalse(cursor.next());
+            Assert.assertEquals(6, cursor.metrics().fragments().size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证 Scope 收紧为四源时，六源 SQL 在编译期稳定拒绝。
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldRejectSixSourcesWhenScopeLimitIsFour() {
+        FederationExecutionPolicy fourSourcePolicy = new FederationExecutionPolicy(
+            4, 12, 2, 100_000, 64L * 1024L * 1024L, 60_000);
+
+        try {
+            engine.compile(SqlCompileRequest.of(selectSql(6), scope(fourSourcePolicy)));
+            Assert.fail("expected source limit rejection");
+        } catch (FederationSqlException exception) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(FederationSqlErrorCode.FEDERATION_RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+                exception.errorCode());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private FederationQueryScopeDefinition scope(FederationExecutionPolicy policy) {
+        return new FederationQueryScopeDefinition(
+            "six-source-scope", 1, bindings, "S1", policy);
+    }
+
+    private static String selectSql(int sourceCount) {
+        StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("SELECT s1.SUBJECT_ID");
+        for (int index = 1; index <= sourceCount; index++) {
+            sql.append(", s").append(index).append(".METRIC_VALUE");
+        }
+        sql.append(" FROM S1.APP.SUBJECT_METRIC s1");
+        for (int index = 2; index <= sourceCount; index++) {
+            sql.append(" JOIN S").append(index).append(".APP.SUBJECT_METRIC s")
+                .append(index).append(" ON s").append(index)
+                .append(".SUBJECT_ID = s1.SUBJECT_ID");
+        }
+        return sql.append(" ORDER BY s1.SUBJECT_ID").toString();
+    }
+
+    private static JdbcDataSource dataSource(String name) {
+        JdbcDataSource dataSource = new JdbcDataSource();
+        dataSource.setURL("jdbc:h2:mem:" + name + ";DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1");
+        dataSource.setUser("sa");
+        dataSource.setPassword("");
+        return dataSource;
+    }
+
+    private static void execute(JdbcDataSource dataSource, String... statements)
+        throws Exception {
+        try (Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+             Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            for (String sql : statements) {
+                statement.execute(sql);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static FederationSourceDefinition definition(SourceId sourceId) {
+        return new FederationSourceDefinition(
+            sourceId, 1, JdbcFederationSqlAdapterProvider.ADAPTER_ID,
+            List.of(new JdbcSchemaDefinition("APP", null, "PUBLIC")), Map.of());
+    }
+}

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/main/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/DefaultFederationSqlEngine.java

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ public final class DefaultFederationSqlEngine implements FederationSqlEngine {
     private final CalciteFederationSqlCompiler compiler;
     private final AdapterFederationStatisticsProvider automaticStatisticsProvider;
     private final NodeMemoryAdmissionController nodeMemoryAdmission;
+    private final FederationFragmentScheduler fragmentScheduler;
     private final CalciteSqlCompleter completer = new CalciteSqlCompleter();
     private final QueryCancellationRegistry cancellations = new QueryCancellationRegistry();
     private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor deadlineScheduler = deadlineScheduler();
@@ -297,6 +298,7 @@ public final class DefaultFederationSqlEngine implements FederationSqlEngine {
         this.nodeMemoryAdmission = new NodeMemoryAdmissionController(
             maximumNodeIntermediateBytes
         );
+        this.fragmentScheduler = new FederationFragmentScheduler(executionPolicy);
         this.planCache = new BoundedPlanCache(
             maximumPlanCacheEntries,
             maximumConcurrentCompilations,
@@ -650,7 +652,8 @@ public final class DefaultFederationSqlEngine implements FederationSqlEngine {
                     registration,
                     compiler.effectivePolicy(plan.queryScope()),
                     metrics,
-                    queryDeadline
+                    queryDeadline,
+                    fragmentScheduler
                 );
                 queryCursor = new FederatedResultCursor(
                     plan,
@@ -1080,6 +1083,11 @@ public final class DefaultFederationSqlEngine implements FederationSqlEngine {
             } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
                 failure = exception;
             }
+            try {
+                fragmentScheduler.close();
+            } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
+                failure = append(failure, exception);
+            }
             try {
                 sourceManager.close();
             } catch (RuntimeException exception) {

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/main/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/FederatedResultCursor.java

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ final class FederatedResultCursor
         this.session = session;
         this.metrics = metrics;
         this.maximumRows = maximumRows;
+        session.prepareFragments();
         this.enumerator = plan.localBindable()
             .bind(new FederationDataContext(
                 plan.localRootSchema(),

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/main/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/FederationExecutionSession.java

@@ -20,14 +20,21 @@ import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
 import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import org.apache.calcite.avatica.util.ByteString;
 import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.AbstractEnumerable;
 import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Enumerable;
@@ -50,9 +57,19 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
     private final FederationExecutionPolicy policy;
     private final FederationQueryMetricsTracker metrics;
     private final QueryDeadline deadline;
+    private final FederationFragmentScheduler fragmentScheduler;
     private final Semaphore fragmentSlots;
     private final Set<FederationResultCursor> openFragmentCursors = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+    private final Set<Future<?>> fragmentTasks = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+    private final Map<String, CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment>> fragmentPreparations =
+        new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final Object preparationLock = new Object();
+    private final ArrayDeque<CompiledFederationFragment> pendingPreparations =
+        new ArrayDeque<>();
     private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean();
+    private final AtomicReference<Throwable> preparationFailure = new AtomicReference<>();
+    private int runningPreparations;
+    private boolean preparationFailed;
 
     /**
      * 创建查询执行会话。
@@ -64,6 +81,7 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
      * @param policy 有效资源策略
      * @param metrics 指标跟踪器
      * @param deadline 请求级统一截止时间
+     * @param fragmentScheduler Engine 级有界分片调度器
      */
     FederationExecutionSession(
         DefaultFederationSqlPlan plan,
@@ -72,7 +90,8 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
         QueryCancellationRegistry.QueryRegistration registration,
         FederationExecutionPolicy policy,
         FederationQueryMetricsTracker metrics,
-        QueryDeadline deadline
+        QueryDeadline deadline,
+        FederationFragmentScheduler fragmentScheduler
     ) {
         this.plan = plan;
         this.context = context;
@@ -81,9 +100,41 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
         this.policy = policy;
         this.metrics = metrics;
         this.deadline = deadline;
+        this.fragmentScheduler = fragmentScheduler;
         this.fragmentSlots = new Semaphore(policy.maximumConcurrentFragments(), true);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 异步启动多源物理分片，在查询级中间结果预算内完成有界物化。
+     */
+    void prepareFragments() {
+        if (plan.fragments().size() < 2 || policy.maximumConcurrentFragments() < 2) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            for (FederationFragmentPlan fragment : plan.fragments()) {
+                CompiledFederationFragment compiled = plan.compiledFragments().get(
+                    fragment.fragmentId()
+                );
+                if (compiled == null) {
+                    throw new FederationSqlException(
+                        FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
+                        "compiled fragment is missing: " + fragment.fragmentId()
+                    );
+                }
+                CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation = new CompletableFuture<>();
+                fragmentPreparations.put(fragment.fragmentId(), preparation);
+                synchronized (preparationLock) {
+                    pendingPreparations.addLast(compiled);
+                }
+            }
+            schedulePreparations();
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            cancelPreparation();
+            throw exception;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * 为 Calcite ScannableTable 创建一个按需执行物理分片的 Enumerable。
      *
@@ -101,6 +152,13 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
         return new AbstractEnumerable<>() {
             @Override
             public Enumerator<Object[]> enumerator() {
+                CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation =
+                    fragmentPreparations.get(fragmentId);
+                if (preparation != null) {
+                    PreparedFragment prepared = awaitPrepared(preparation);
+                    fragmentPreparations.remove(fragmentId, preparation);
+                    return prepared.enumerator();
+                }
                 return openFragment(compiled);
             }
         };
@@ -138,6 +196,7 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
             }
             registration.ensureNotCancelled();
         }
+        throwPreparationFailure();
         deadline.ensureAllowed();
     }
 
@@ -166,9 +225,189 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
     private Enumerator<Object[]> openFragment(CompiledFederationFragment compiled) {
         ensureExecutionAllowed();
         acquireFragmentSlot();
+        try {
+            return new FragmentEnumerator(compiled, createFragmentCursor(compiled), true);
+        } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
+            fragmentSlots.release();
+            throw exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void schedulePreparations() {
+        List<PreparationTask> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
+        synchronized (preparationLock) {
+            while (!closed.get()
+                && !preparationFailed
+                && runningPreparations < policy.maximumConcurrentFragments()
+                && !pendingPreparations.isEmpty()) {
+                CompiledFederationFragment compiled = pendingPreparations.removeFirst();
+                CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation =
+                    fragmentPreparations.get(
+                        compiled.plan().fragmentId()
+                    );
+                if (preparation == null || preparation.isCancelled()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                runningPreparations++;
+                tasks.add(new PreparationTask(compiled, preparation));
+            }
+        }
+        for (PreparationTask task : tasks) {
+            submitPreparation(task);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void submitPreparation(PreparationTask preparationTask) {
+        FutureTask<Void> task = new FutureTask<>(() -> {
+            runPreparation(preparationTask);
+            return null;
+        }) {
+            @Override
+            protected void done() {
+                fragmentTasks.remove(this);
+            }
+        };
+        fragmentTasks.add(task);
+        try {
+            fragmentScheduler.execute(task);
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            fragmentTasks.remove(task);
+            task.cancel(true);
+            preparationTask.preparation().completeExceptionally(exception);
+            failPreparations(exception);
+            preparationFinished();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void runPreparation(PreparationTask task) {
+        try {
+            task.preparation().complete(prepareFragment(task.compiled()));
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            task.preparation().completeExceptionally(exception);
+            failPreparations(exception);
+        } finally {
+            preparationFinished();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void preparationFinished() {
+        boolean scheduleNext;
+        synchronized (preparationLock) {
+            runningPreparations--;
+            scheduleNext = !closed.get() && !preparationFailed;
+        }
+        if (scheduleNext) {
+            schedulePreparations();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void failPreparations(Throwable failure) {
+        if (!preparationFailure.compareAndSet(null, failure)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (preparationLock) {
+            preparationFailed = true;
+            pendingPreparations.clear();
+        }
+        for (CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation : fragmentPreparations.values()) {
+            preparation.completeExceptionally(failure);
+        }
+        registration.terminateStatementsForCleanup();
+    }
+
+    private void throwPreparationFailure() {
+        Throwable failure = preparationFailure.get();
+        if (failure == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (failure instanceof RuntimeException runtimeException) {
+            throw runtimeException;
+        }
+        if (failure instanceof Error error) {
+            throw error;
+        }
+        throw new FederationSqlException(
+            FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
+            "federation fragment preparation failed",
+            failure
+        );
+    }
+
+    private PreparedFragment awaitPrepared(Future<PreparedFragment> preparation) {
+        try {
+            while (true) {
+                ensureExecutionAllowed();
+                long remaining = deadline.remainingNanos();
+                if (remaining <= 0L) {
+                    ensureExecutionAllowed();
+                }
+                try {
+                    return preparation.get(
+                        Math.min(remaining, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(50)),
+                        TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS
+                    );
+                } catch (TimeoutException ignored) {
+                    // 周期性复核共享 Deadline 和取消状态。
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            cancelPreparation();
+            throw new FederationSqlException(
+                FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
+                "waiting for federation fragment preparation was interrupted",
+                exception
+            );
+        } catch (ExecutionException exception) {
+            cancelPreparation();
+            Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
+            if (cause instanceof RuntimeException runtimeException) {
+                throw runtimeException;
+            }
+            if (cause instanceof Error error) {
+                throw error;
+            }
+            throw new FederationSqlException(
+                FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
+                "federation fragment preparation failed",
+                cause
+            );
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            cancelPreparation();
+            throw exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PreparedFragment prepareFragment(CompiledFederationFragment compiled) {
+        ensureExecutionAllowed();
+        FederationResultCursor cursor = null;
+        try {
+            cursor = createFragmentCursor(compiled);
+            List<Object[]> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+            while (true) {
+                ensureExecutionAllowed();
+                if (!cursor.next()) {
+                    releaseFragment(compiled, cursor, true, false);
+                    cursor = null;
+                    return new PreparedFragment(rows);
+                }
+                Object[] row = normalizeRow(cursor, compiled.rowType());
+                recordFragmentIntermediate(compiled, row);
+                rows.add(row);
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            if (cursor != null) {
+                releaseFragment(compiled, cursor, false, false);
+            }
+            throw exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private FederationResultCursor createFragmentCursor(
+        CompiledFederationFragment compiled
+    ) {
         FederationFragmentPlan fragment = compiled.plan();
         SourceRuntime runtime = runtimeSnapshot.runtime(fragment.bindingName());
-        try {
         FederationResultCursor cursor = runtime.adapter().fragmentExecutor().execute(
             new FederationFragmentExecutionContext(
                 context.queryId(),
@@ -191,13 +430,55 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
             );
         }
         openFragmentCursors.add(cursor);
-            return new FragmentEnumerator(compiled, cursor);
+        try {
-        } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
+            ensureExecutionAllowed();
-            fragmentSlots.release();
+            return cursor;
+        } catch (RuntimeException | Error exception) {
+            openFragmentCursors.remove(cursor);
+            closeQuietly(cursor);
             throw exception;
         }
     }
 
+    private void recordFragmentIntermediate(
+        CompiledFederationFragment compiled,
+        Object[] row
+    ) {
+        FederationQueryMetricsTracker.IntermediateUsage usage =
+            metrics.recordIntermediate(compiled.plan().fragmentId(), row);
+        if (usage.rows() > policy.maximumIntermediateRows()
+            || usage.bytes() > policy.maximumIntermediateBytes()) {
+            throw new FederationSqlException(
+                FederationSqlErrorCode.FEDERATION_RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+                "federation intermediate result limit was exceeded"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cancelPreparation() {
+        synchronized (preparationLock) {
+            preparationFailed = true;
+            pendingPreparations.clear();
+        }
+        for (Future<?> task : List.copyOf(fragmentTasks)) {
+            task.cancel(true);
+        }
+        fragmentTasks.clear();
+        for (FederationResultCursor cursor : List.copyOf(openFragmentCursors)) {
+            openFragmentCursors.remove(cursor);
+            try {
+                cursor.close();
+            } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
+                // 保留触发取消的原始分片异常；Statement 取消通道继续收口剩余资源。
+            }
+        }
+        for (CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation : fragmentPreparations.values()) {
+            preparation.cancel(true);
+        }
+        fragmentPreparations.clear();
+        registration.terminateStatementsForCleanup();
+    }
+
     private void acquireFragmentSlot() {
         while (true) {
             ensureExecutionAllowed();
@@ -259,6 +540,21 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
         if (!closed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
             return;
         }
+        boolean terminationRequired = !fragmentTasks.isEmpty()
+            || !openFragmentCursors.isEmpty();
+        synchronized (preparationLock) {
+            terminationRequired = terminationRequired || runningPreparations > 0;
+            preparationFailed = true;
+            pendingPreparations.clear();
+        }
+        for (Future<?> task : List.copyOf(fragmentTasks)) {
+            task.cancel(true);
+        }
+        fragmentTasks.clear();
+        for (CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation : fragmentPreparations.values()) {
+            preparation.cancel(true);
+        }
+        fragmentPreparations.clear();
         RuntimeException failure = null;
         for (FederationResultCursor cursor : List.copyOf(openFragmentCursors)) {
             try {
@@ -273,6 +569,9 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
                 openFragmentCursors.remove(cursor);
             }
         }
+        if (terminationRequired) {
+            registration.terminateStatementsForCleanup();
+        }
         if (failure != null) {
             throw failure;
         }
@@ -282,15 +581,18 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
 
         private final CompiledFederationFragment compiled;
         private final FederationResultCursor cursor;
+        private final boolean fragmentSlotHeld;
         private final AtomicBoolean released = new AtomicBoolean();
         private Object[] current;
 
         private FragmentEnumerator(
             CompiledFederationFragment compiled,
-            FederationResultCursor cursor
+            FederationResultCursor cursor,
+            boolean fragmentSlotHeld
         ) {
             this.compiled = compiled;
             this.cursor = cursor;
+            this.fragmentSlotHeld = fragmentSlotHeld;
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
@@ -309,15 +611,7 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
                     return false;
                 }
                 Object[] row = normalizeRow(cursor, compiled.rowType());
-                FederationQueryMetricsTracker.IntermediateUsage usage =
+                recordFragmentIntermediate(compiled, row);
-                    metrics.recordIntermediate(compiled.plan().fragmentId(), row);
-                if (usage.rows() > policy.maximumIntermediateRows()
-                    || usage.bytes() > policy.maximumIntermediateBytes()) {
-                    throw new FederationSqlException(
-                        FederationSqlErrorCode.FEDERATION_RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
-                        "federation intermediate result limit was exceeded"
-                    );
-                }
                 current = row;
                 return true;
             } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
@@ -346,7 +640,9 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
             try {
                 cursor.close();
             } finally {
+                if (fragmentSlotHeld) {
                     fragmentSlots.release();
+                }
                 if (exhausted) {
                     metrics.finishFragment(compiled.plan().fragmentId());
                 }
@@ -354,6 +650,78 @@ final class FederationExecutionSession implements AutoCloseable {
         }
     }
 
+    private static final class PreparedFragment {
+
+        private final List<Object[]> rows;
+
+        private PreparedFragment(List<Object[]> rows) {
+            this.rows = rows;
+        }
+
+        private Enumerator<Object[]> enumerator() {
+            return new Enumerator<>() {
+
+                private int index = -1;
+                private Object[] current;
+
+                @Override
+                public Object[] current() {
+                    return current;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean moveNext() {
+                    int next = index + 1;
+                    if (next >= rows.size()) {
+                        current = null;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    index = next;
+                    current = rows.set(index, null);
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void reset() {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                        "fragment cursor cannot be reset"
+                    );
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void close() {
+                    rows.clear();
+                    current = null;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record PreparationTask(
+        CompiledFederationFragment compiled,
+        CompletableFuture<PreparedFragment> preparation
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    private void releaseFragment(
+        CompiledFederationFragment compiled,
+        FederationResultCursor cursor,
+        boolean exhausted,
+        boolean fragmentSlotHeld
+    ) {
+        openFragmentCursors.remove(cursor);
+        try {
+            cursor.close();
+        } finally {
+            if (fragmentSlotHeld) {
+                fragmentSlots.release();
+            }
+            if (exhausted) {
+                metrics.finishFragment(compiled.plan().fragmentId());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private static Object[] normalizeRow(
         FederationResultCursor cursor,
         RelDataType rowType

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/main/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/FederationFragmentScheduler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package com.easyagents.federation.sql.runtime;
+
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlErrorCode;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlException;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationExecutionPolicy;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Engine 级有界分片工作线程池；查询级并发度仍由有效执行策略单独控制。
+ */
+final class FederationFragmentScheduler implements Executor, AutoCloseable {
+
+    private static final int MAXIMUM_WORKERS = 32;
+    private static final int MINIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 64;
+    private static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY_PER_WORKER = 8;
+
+    private final ThreadPoolExecutor executor;
+    private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean();
+
+    /**
+     * 创建 Engine 独占的有界分片调度器。
+     *
+     * @param policy Engine 联邦执行硬上限
+     */
+    FederationFragmentScheduler(FederationExecutionPolicy policy) {
+        int availableProcessors = Math.max(1, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
+        int workers = Math.min(
+            MAXIMUM_WORKERS,
+            Math.max(policy.maximumConcurrentFragments(), availableProcessors)
+        );
+        int queueCapacity = Math.max(
+            MINIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY,
+            workers * QUEUE_CAPACITY_PER_WORKER
+        );
+        this.executor = executor(workers, queueCapacity);
+    }
+
+    FederationFragmentScheduler(int workers, int queueCapacity) {
+        if (workers <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("workers must be positive");
+        }
+        if (queueCapacity <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("queueCapacity must be positive");
+        }
+        this.executor = executor(workers, queueCapacity);
+    }
+
+    private static ThreadPoolExecutor executor(int workers, int queueCapacity) {
+        AtomicInteger threadSequence = new AtomicInteger();
+        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+            workers,
+            workers,
+            0L,
+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
+            new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(queueCapacity),
+            runnable -> {
+                Thread thread = new Thread(
+                    runnable,
+                    "easy-agents-federation-fragment-" + threadSequence.incrementAndGet()
+                );
+                thread.setDaemon(true);
+                return thread;
+            },
+            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 提交分片任务；队列饱和时明确拒绝，禁止在调用线程绕过 Worker 上限执行 JDBC。
+     *
+     * @param command 分片任务
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void execute(Runnable command) {
+        if (closed.get()) {
+            throw engineClosed();
+        }
+        try {
+            executor.execute(command);
+        } catch (RejectedExecutionException exception) {
+            if (closed.get() || executor.isShutdown()) {
+                throw engineClosed();
+            }
+            throw schedulerOverloaded(exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 中断排队任务并关闭工作线程。
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (closed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            executor.shutdownNow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static FederationSqlException engineClosed() {
+        return new FederationSqlException(
+            FederationSqlErrorCode.ENGINE_CLOSED,
+            "federation fragment scheduler is closed"
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static FederationSqlException schedulerOverloaded(Throwable cause) {
+        return new FederationSqlException(
+            FederationSqlErrorCode.QUERY_ADMISSION_TIMEOUT,
+            "federation fragment scheduler is saturated",
+            cause
+        );
+    }
+}

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/main/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/QueryCancellationRegistry.java

@@ -301,6 +301,13 @@ final class QueryCancellationRegistry implements AutoCloseable {
             return state.cancellationRequested();
         }
 
+        /**
+         * 不改变查询终态，仅终止当前已登记的 Statement，用于提前关闭异步分片。
+         */
+        void terminateStatementsForCleanup() {
+            state.terminateStatements();
+        }
+
         /**
          * 已取消时立即抛出稳定错误。
          */
@@ -485,20 +492,26 @@ final class QueryCancellationRegistry implements AutoCloseable {
         }
 
         private void terminate(QueryId queryId) {
+            if (isClosed()) {
+                return;
+            }
             SQLException failure = null;
             if (cancelIssued.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                 try {
                     statement.cancel();
                 } catch (SQLException exception) {
+                    if (!isClosed()) {
                         cancelIssued.set(false);
                         failure = exception;
                     }
                 }
+            }
             // close() 同时覆盖 register 与 executeQuery 之间的 JDBC 取消空窗。
             if (closeIssued.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                 try {
                     statement.close();
                 } catch (SQLException exception) {
+                    if (!isClosed()) {
                         closeIssued.set(false);
                         if (failure == null) {
                             failure = exception;
@@ -507,6 +520,7 @@ final class QueryCancellationRegistry implements AutoCloseable {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            }
             if (failure != null) {
                 throw new FederationSqlException(
                     FederationSqlErrorCode.EXECUTION_FAILED,
@@ -515,6 +529,14 @@ final class QueryCancellationRegistry implements AutoCloseable {
                 );
             }
         }
+
+        private boolean isClosed() {
+            try {
+                return statement.isClosed();
+            } catch (SQLException ignored) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     private static FederationSqlException cancelled(QueryId queryId, Throwable cause) {

easy-agents-federation-sql/easy-agents-federation-sql-core/src/test/java/com/easyagents/federation/sql/runtime/FederationFragmentSchedulerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package com.easyagents.federation.sql.runtime;
+
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlErrorCode;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.api.FederationSqlException;
+import com.easyagents.federation.sql.federation.FederationExecutionPolicy;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Engine 级有界分片调度器测试。
+ */
+public class FederationFragmentSchedulerTest {
+
+    /**
+     * 验证两个分片任务能够真实重叠执行，且调度器关闭后拒绝新任务。
+     *
+     * @throws Exception 等待任务失败
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldExecuteFragmentTasksConcurrentlyAndRejectAfterClose() throws Exception {
+        FederationFragmentScheduler scheduler = new FederationFragmentScheduler(
+            FederationExecutionPolicy.basic()
+        );
+        CountDownLatch started = new CountDownLatch(2);
+        CountDownLatch release = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        AtomicInteger active = new AtomicInteger();
+        AtomicInteger maximumActive = new AtomicInteger();
+        ExecutorCompletionService<Void> completions = new ExecutorCompletionService<>(scheduler);
+        try {
+            Future<Void> first = completions.submit(
+                () -> runBlockingTask(started, release, active, maximumActive)
+            );
+            Future<Void> second = completions.submit(
+                () -> runBlockingTask(started, release, active, maximumActive)
+            );
+
+            Assert.assertTrue(started.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            Assert.assertEquals(2, maximumActive.get());
+            release.countDown();
+            first.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            second.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            release.countDown();
+            scheduler.close();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            scheduler.execute(() -> { });
+            Assert.fail("closed scheduler should reject new tasks");
+        } catch (FederationSqlException exception) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(FederationSqlErrorCode.ENGINE_CLOSED, exception.errorCode());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证队列饱和时明确拒绝，且不会在提交线程绕过 Worker 上限执行任务。
+     *
+     * @throws Exception 等待任务失败
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldRejectSaturationWithoutRunningTaskOnCaller() throws Exception {
+        FederationFragmentScheduler scheduler = new FederationFragmentScheduler(1, 1);
+        CountDownLatch firstStarted = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        CountDownLatch releaseFirst = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        CountDownLatch queuedCompleted = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        AtomicBoolean rejectedTaskRan = new AtomicBoolean();
+        try {
+            scheduler.execute(() -> {
+                firstStarted.countDown();
+                try {
+                    releaseFirst.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+                } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
+                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                }
+            });
+            Assert.assertTrue(firstStarted.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            scheduler.execute(queuedCompleted::countDown);
+
+            try {
+                scheduler.execute(() -> rejectedTaskRan.set(true));
+                Assert.fail("saturated scheduler should reject the task");
+            } catch (FederationSqlException exception) {
+                Assert.assertEquals(
+                    FederationSqlErrorCode.QUERY_ADMISSION_TIMEOUT,
+                    exception.errorCode()
+                );
+            }
+            Assert.assertFalse(rejectedTaskRan.get());
+        } finally {
+            releaseFirst.countDown();
+            Assert.assertTrue(queuedCompleted.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            scheduler.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Void runBlockingTask(
+        CountDownLatch started,
+        CountDownLatch release,
+        AtomicInteger active,
+        AtomicInteger maximumActive
+    ) throws InterruptedException {
+        int current = active.incrementAndGet();
+        maximumActive.accumulateAndGet(current, Math::max);
+        started.countDown();
+        try {
+            Assert.assertTrue(release.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            active.decrementAndGet();
+        }
+    }
+}